Most maternal and neonatal deaths can be averted through proven interventions including adequate nutrition, improved hygiene practices, antenatal care, skilled health workers. Maternal mortality in the united states, 1935 to 2007. Download this article as pdf morbidity versus mortality. For countries that do not have data, models were developed to estimate mortality. Definitions of maternal mortality produced by the population research institute morbidity versus mortality mortality. Global estimates for causes of maternal mortality 20032009 20 box 1. Factors associated with maternal mortality in subsaharan.
About 3 in 5 pregnancyrelated deaths could be prevented. Can we move from contact only to content and quality. Application of the tenth revision of the international classification of diseases icd to deaths during pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium icdmaternal mortality mm divides maternal deaths into direct obstetric deaths ie, deaths resulting from the obstetric complications of pregnancy, interventions, omissions, incorrect treatment, or a chain of events resulting from. Maternal mortality rate by geographic region, united states, 20032007. The state of the worlds children 2009 focuses on maternal and neonatal health and identifies the interventions and actions that must be scaled up to save lives. A maternal death is defined as the death of a woman while pregnant or. Pdf risk factors for maternal mortality in nigeria. Who guidance for measuring maternal mortality from a census maternal mortality as a global health issue has gained increased recognition over the past two decades, due to its inclusion as a key target indicator in a number of international conferences, such as the 1990 world summit for children, the 1994 international conference on population. Maternal mortality introduction definition determinants prevention 2. Introduction maternal mortality, also known as maternal death, continues to be the major cause of death among women of reproductive age in many countries and remains a serious public health issue especially in developing countries who, 2007. Selected fulltext books and articles the changing sex differential in mortality by robert d.
However, populationbased estimates of maternal sepsis occurring after delivery hospitalization have been limited because previous studies have focused on select populations or have not followed up patients longitudinally. Death due to pregnancyrelated causes is known as maternal mortality or maternal death. Maternal mortality surveillance is needed to identify and address the factors contributing to poor pregnancy outcomes for women. By definition, then, maternal mortality must be equal than or greater to abortion mortality. List of books and articles about maternal mortality. Who guidance for measuring maternal mortality from a census.
Maternal morbidity or obstetric morbidity as defined above can lead in turn to death. A news item that mistakenly said maternal mortality ratio instead of rate could make a situation in some region sound much worse than it is. Maternal mortality definition of maternal mortality by. Reducing maternal mortality and morbidity in developing countries. An autopsy study of maternal mortality in mozambique. The effects of womens education on maternal health. The sustainable development goal for health sdg 3, which includes maternal and child health as well as premature mortality from ncds, presents an opportunity to implement an integrated approach for women of all ages. Since data on deaths come from a number of different sources, the methods used to obtain the estimates are also described. Trends in maternal mortality were estimated either directly from vital registration data or from a hierarchical or multilevel model, depending on the data available for a particular country. Definition of maternal mortality in the definitions. Reducing maternal mortality and morbidity improving.
Severe maternal morbidity is associated with a high rate of preventability, similar to that of maternal mortality 7. Stress, for example, rewires a body and sets the infant up for lifelong. The maternal mortality ratio mmr is defined as the number of maternal deaths during a given time period per 100,000 live births during the same time. Proportion maternal of deaths of women of reproductive age. Maternal mortality and related concepts pdf icon pdf 488 kb see adjustment of maternal mortality rates for misclassification for graphical representation of data from series 3, number 44. A reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio. Currently, the unacceptably high levels of maternal mortality are a common subject in global health and development discussions. Maternal death or maternal mortality is defined by the world health organization who as the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes.
The latest available key pregnancy related morality data for 2011 is summarized and published at cdc web site. Introduction progress in the reduction of maternal mortality a key millennium development goal has been slow in most countries that have high maternal mortality ratios, and solutions to this global problem are urgently needed 1. This is a retrospective study that used both quantitative and qualitative data. Maternal mortality is the probability or percentage of mothers dying as a result of pregnancy related complications or postdelivery complications every year. Maternal mortality is an important health indicator for the overall health of a population. For example, availability of family planning services may influence womens decisions. Maternal death is officially defined by the world health organization 1992. Maternal sepsis is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Pdf a maternal death is defined by the world health organization as the death of a. Although some countries have made remarkable progress, half of the maternal deaths in the world still take place in subsaharan africa where little or no progress. Incidence of maternal sepsis and sepsisrelated maternal. Definitions of abortion mortality produced by the population research institute note.
The top leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity include hemorrhage, infection, high blood pressure, unsafe abortion and obstructed labor. Who is supporting countries to deliver integrated, evidencebased and costeffective care for mothers and babies during pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. Definitions the consequences of maternal morbidity and. Rationale and scope of strategic objectives for epmm 16.
To develop methods for trend analysis of vital statistics maternal mortality data, taking into account changes in pregnancy question formats over time and between states, and to provide. The maternal mortality ratio mmr is defined as the number of maternal deaths during a given time period per 100,000 live births during the same time period. Causes and contributory factors of maternal mortality. We derived estimates of maternal mortality for 172 countries over the period 19902008. Investing in health systems especially in training midwives and in making emergency obstetric care available roundtheclock is key to reducing maternal mortality. The report provides neonatal and perinatal mortality estimates by country, regional groupings and globally. Defination maternal death is defined as the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy. Some facts 85 % women will deliver normally 1015 % women will develop complications 35 % women will need surgical interventions bloodcesarean etc. The sustainable development goals, launched in 2015, include a target for reducing the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030. The 100fold decline of maternal mortality is due to the modern scientific understanding of the cause of maternal mortality and the adoption of practices which appear surprisingly simple in hindsight. Maternal mortality ratio mmr, per 100 000 live births stratified by mmr level 3 figure 2. One person in a town of a hundred people died from a plague. Measuring and monitoring progress towards millennium development goals mdg 4 and 5 required valid and reliable estimates of maternal and child mortality. Each mothers death or longterm complication is not just an.
Every pregnancyrelated death is tragic, especially because about 60% are preventable. An introduction to maternal mortality name institution affiliation course date of submission question 1 yes, the article is informative since it has outlined the issues that are associated with maternal mortality more specifically in developing nations. This study was aimed to assess the utilization of institutional delivery. Institutional delivery service utilization assures safe birth and minimizes the maternal morbidity and mortality. Geographic disparities in maternal mortality during 20032007, the maternal mortality rate varied. It also can be considered a near miss for maternal mortality because without identification and treatment, in some cases, these conditions would lead to maternal death. Maternal and perinatal mortality pdf free download. An introduction to maternal mortality, article writing example. Some sources will define maternal mortality as the death of a woman up to 42 days after her pregnancy has ended, instead of one year.
During this century, maternal mortality in the us has fallen dramatically from 900 deaths per 100 000 live births in 1900 to 7. Maternal mortality refers to the death of a woman during her pregnancy or up to a year after her pregnancy has terminated. About 1 in 3 pregnancyrelated deaths occur 1 week to 1 year after delivery. Information and translations of maternal mortality in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. Ppt maternal mortality powerpoint presentation free to. The estimated lifetime risk of maternal mortality in some developing countries, where 1.
Global maternal mortality rate the pregnancy related mortality and morbidity ratio is an estimate of the number of pregnancyrelated deaths and complications for every 100,000 live births. Trends in maternal and neonatal mortality in south africa. Maternal mortality includes abortion related deaths. It depicts the risk of maternal death relative to the number of live births and essentially captures the risk of death in a single pregnancy or a single live birth. Understanding the determinants of maternal mortality plos.
Here is a rundown of some of the key terms, with examples to help you tell them apart. Nigeria still ranks second globally in the number of maternal deaths. The pmdf is mdfdra, where fdra is the number of deaths of women of reproductive age. The maternal and ncd agendas and movements can and should be synergistic. Strategies toward ending preventable maternal mortality. The countries that achieved the lowest maternal mortality ratio are finland, greece, iceland, and poland. This study assessed the causes and contributing factors to maternal mortality that occurred in the gazastrip between july 2014 and june 2015. This study determined causes and contributory factors of maternal mortality in ogun statefollowing a periodic statewidematernal and perinatal deaths surveillance and response. Evaluatin h alit ar o ever regnanc omplication the who nearmiss approach for maternal health 5 1. Abortion mortality is a subset of maternal mortality. Rethinking maternal health the lancet global health. A perusal of pregnancyrelated mortality ratio prmr reported from 1987 to 2011. Maternal health infectious diseases overview briefer.
Target 5areduce by 34, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio. Like maternal mortality, severe maternal morbidity is increasing in the united states 3 6 7. In south africa, there are conflicting reports on the estimates of maternal and neonatal mortality, derived from both direct and indirect estimation techniques. The effects of education are assumed to predominantly flow through womens cognitive skills, material resources, and autonomy, which should in turn affect their fertility practices and healthcare use, and ultimately. Nearly all of these deaths occur in developing countries, where fertility rates are higher and a. The number of registered maternal deaths due to birth or pregnancyrelated complications per 100,000 registered live births. Introduction to the analysis of maternal mortality tools. Initially updates every 5 year since 1990 by who, unicef, unfpa the world bank joined in 2005. Maternal health is one of the major worldwide health challenges.
1103 742 3 651 745 1458 1520 1261 944 115 1189 234 583 1626 1452 27 1302 1657 1264 1047 966 1395 469 136 1510 658 1638 1360 1043 1545 527 330 1514 1693 1390 22 994 411 54 523 355 483 778 1057 537