A discussion of the ways in which the construction of news sets the agenda for public and. Galtung and ruges list of news values should be open to question. In their seminal 1965 study, galtung and ruge put forward a system of twelve factors describing events that together are used as defining newsworthiness. Identifying and recording the news values found within published pieces of journalism cannot provide a complete explanation of the journalistic process but that does not. Documents in econstor may be saved and copied for your. It was not until the 1970s that the journalistic idea of peace journalism. Galtung and ruge s list of news values should be open to question. Even if this is not the full truth, it can be more than half the truth. An introduction to news values linkedin slideshare. Continuity elite nations or people bad news involving death, tragedy, bankruptcy, violence, damage, natural disasters, political upheaval or simply extreme weather conditions is always rated above positive stories. However, it is the galtung and ruge article that is generally acknowledged to be the first empirical study into the criteria that the journalist as gatekeeper implicitly or explicitly applies when gathering and. Environmentandthe online bloggers generate, interpret, and. An overview of 12 key news values that are prominent in the construction of crime news at the beginning of the 21st century.
The study takes as its starting point galtung and ruges widely cited taxonomy of news values established in their 1965 study and puts these criteria to the test in. The study takes as its starting point galtung and ruges widely cited taxonomy of news values established in their 1965 study and puts these. Not all the events in the world, for instance, are of equal interest to the public. The most prominent and widely studied list of news values also called news criteria or news factors was proposed by galtung and ruge in 1965 in which twelve selection criteria such as frequency, threshold, unambiguity and meaningfulness were pinned down as the.
Galtung and ruge s news factors in lead stori es in the sun during march 1999 date f1 f2 f3 f4 f5 f6 f7 f8 f9 f10 f11 f12 stories 1 march 3 2 10 1 2 5 2 2 1 4 2 5 10. Initially labelled news factors, news values are widely credited to galtung and ruge. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. The study takes as its starting point galtung and ruges widely cited taxonomy of news values established in their 1965 study and puts these criteria to the test in an empirical analysis of news published in three national daily uk newspapers. Few words are so often used and abused perhaps, it seems, because peace serves as a means of obtainingverbal consensusit is hard to be allout against peace. Johan vincent galtung born 24 october 1930 is a norwegian sociologist, and the principal founder of the discipline of peace and conflict studies he was the main. Introduction in the present paper we shall be using the word peace very many times. Both offer a useful framework for understanding how gatekeepers evaluate potential news stories. Over 40 years ago, galtung and ruge, two norwegian media analysts, identified a list of 12 features of international news stories which have come to be seen as the definitive list of news values. Its publication now coincides with the publication of another book, a theory of peace, under a different, more human, umbrella. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. A linear gatekeeping model based on the theory of galtung and ruge mcquail and windhall, 1993 develops one aspect of gatekeeping, namely criteria that affect the rejection or selection process of world events or news. In 1973, galtung and ruge developed one of the first models of news values. Johan galtung international peace research institute, oslo 1.
Mcquail and windhall provide nine factors of which sociocultural values and cultural proximity are but two factors. Galtung and ruge call these criteria the conditions for news. In the present article, we compare how two different broadcasters, one publicly funded. These values help explain what makes something newsworthy. Since its emergence, the news values set of criteria has given rise to many a hot discussions among academics and professionals. As an explanation for the impact of the news factors galtung and ruge referred to the. Focusing on newspapers and broadcast news, galtung and ruge devised a list describing what they believed were significant contributing factors as to how the news is. Johan galtung and mari ruges seminal work on the taxonomy of news. Gultang and ruge galtung and ruge 1973 believed that our perception of what constitutes an event is culturally determined and not a natural occurrence but they also believed that it related to human culture and therefore should not vary too much globally. An event is more likely to be covered if it has been prescheduled. Tion e 15 august tabula at johan galtungs 80th anniversary. Galtung and ruge 1965 identified twelve factors which were likely to make a news story more prominent. Galtung seems to defy nature and reaches 80 october 24 2010, without the slightest sign of slowing down. An event that unfolds at the same or similar frequency as the news.
During the nigerian 2007 election, for example, twitter enabled citizens to participate in public discussions, to. Introduction in this article the general problem of factors influencing the flow of news from abroad will be discussed, following the kind of reasoning given by ostgaard in his article,l but in a somewhat different way. Focusing on newspapers and broadcast news, galtung and ruge devised a list describing what they. This relates to public service advertisements because most. However, an alternative perspective to galtung and ruges propaganda news values model is the herman and chomskys propaganda model 1988 in manufacturing consent. Galtung and ruges news values 1965 by rebecca pratt.
Divided into three sections, the report covers the mediajournalism studies literature in section 1. Approaches to news values in journalism studies and beyond in this report we provide a crossdisciplinary overview of the ways in which news values have been and can be studied. While certainly seminal, galtung and ruges study has been recently revisited and. We restrict our focus to the former the probability that certain. Commercial or professional competition between media may lead journalists to endorse the news value given to a story by a rival. Galtung and ruge, in their seminal study in the area put forward a system of twelve factors describing events that together are used as a definition of newsworthiness. The presentation of the congo, cuba and cyprus crises in four norwegian newspapers. The criteria on which journalists and news editors judge about newsworthiness of an event or news story are called news values. Galtung and ruges news values have received someoften mixedempirical. The entropy perspective still has its place, among others, as a perspective, but not as overriding.
Thousands of articles, books, tapes and fottage are spread over. In other words they argue that galtung and ruges model is more to do with how a story has been told by the journalist. It comprises twelve criteria that the authors claim serve as definition of newsworthiness. Structuring and selecting news in the manufacture of. Galtung and ruges criteria for the contemporary news offer, with special atten tion for the. Johan galtung and mari holmboe ruge peace research institute oslo 1. Ruge is part of book title the manufacture of news. Bringing newsworthiness into the 21st century ceur workshop.
Where that unpublished ms was not alone, by the way. Stalenoi the peoples war and johan galtungs conflict models 34 and in a conflict more than one type of asymmetry may exist, each with variable degrees of intensity. Outsiders, like peace workers, may suggest that perspective as a way of thinking about their own situation. One of the best known lists of news values was drawn up by media researchers johan galtung and marie. Following lewin and white, mcquail defines gatekeeping as the process by which selections are made in media work, especially decisions whether or not to admit a particular news story to pass through the gates of a news medium into the news channels 1994. In an attempt to understand news value at both a global and local. News values are criteria that influence the selection and presentation of events as published news. Reproductions supplied by edrs are the best that can be.
Galtung and ruge 1965, tuchman 1977, gans 1979, larson 1982, glasgow media group 1976, 1980 and herman and chomsky 1988 addressed, using a wide variety of methodologies and theoretical underpinnings, the ways in which media outlets produce slanted images of the world through the genre of news. In galtung and ruges model, if the news values are adhered to, the story will be successful in reaching, and keeping the public informed and update is largely based on the psychology of perception by the audience, and argues that audiences receive news stories through these factors referred to as the news values which the reporters. According to giorgio gallo and arturo marzano the clear. No claim is made for completeness in the list of factors or deductions. The presentation of the congo, cuba and cyprus crises in four norwegian newspapers show all authors. Tes global ltd is registered in england company no 02017289 with its registered office. This study aims to shed light on the news selection process by examining the news values currently operational in british newspapers. The dominance of celebrity and social news, the blurring of the boundary between news and reality shows and other popular culture, and the advent of citizen journalism may suggest that the nature of news and news values are evolving and that. Based on their work, here are twelve questions to ask of any major news story.
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